72% are effectively ablebodied; 25% are children and youth from 0-17 years of age. Many DPs made their way to new lives in the US, Canada, Australia and Great Britain, while Jewish refugees who before had languished in Hitler's concentration camps, witnessed the unfolding of the Jewish state of Israel. Institute Archives (click here) It is remarkable how the Baltic displaced persons were able to organize their lives, despite the very trying and primitive conditions in which they found themselves. They are grouped in separate stocks: Lithuanian Red Cross Center, the Lithuanian Refugees Community (LTB) center committee, LTB Educational Board, German Lithuanian Community (LB), VLIK and others. In Lithuania under Soviet occupation 34), one page is devoted to finding lost relatives and friends. The DP camps in the British Zone were administered by the British army. The article focuses on art exhibitions and their aims. Encyclopedia of Jewish and Israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from anti-Semitism to Zionism. The German unconditional surrender was signed on May 7, 1945. "Gradually, western nations accepted the reality of the situation and opened their doors to large numbers of immigrants from DP camps. The unusual vibrancy of the Lithuanian community, says Linas Gylys, president of the Lithuanian World Centre, who was born in a DP camp in Germany, comes … Living in the Displaced Persons Camp: Lithuanian War Refugees in the West, 1944–54. The camps generally came under the auspices of the International Relief Organisation (I.R.O). Furthermore, the archive holds documents from various DP camps and organizations. Heidi Chrambanis, DP: Lithuanian Immigration to Canada After the Second World War Danys, M. (1986), Toronto: Multicultural Historical Society of Ontario.Great website, btw! ANNEXE V INTERNES DECEDES AU CAMP DE GURS (ID: 20826) Appendix 5.2.1, Registered Physicians in Zagreb Mid. 1941. In portions of Ea… "In the night of July 11-12 1940, more than 2,000 Lithuanians were seized unexpectedly by the Soviet NKVD in Lithuania. Janis CIRKSIS is … To their greatest surprise they found the National Government of Lithuania established, the administration of the country taken up by it and the Bolsheviks turned out of Vilnus and Kaunas, the principal cities of the Republic. the Soviet Union and Germany signed a treaty according to which people could be exchanged; persons of German extraction could repatriate to Germany and Lithuanians from Germany could move to Lithuania. They later realized that the actual reason for their reluctance to return to their country was based on the fact that because they witnessed the Soviet annihilation of Lithuania in 1940-41, they certainly would be executed or deported to Siberia if they set foot on their native soil. "Following the war, many DP camps issued their own internal currency, which was used to pay workers and others within their confines. They are catalogued by various Lithuanian DP camps and organizations in German cities and surroundings. "This was a legal change to escape from the Soviet Formally they have been or are still to be repatriated, but actually only the old ones reach home while the able-bodied have been transported to Russia to work there. The DP population in the British Zone was represented by the Central Jewish Committee which had its seat in the Bergen-Belsen DP camp. Owing to unsatisfactory feed, the following diseases have been noticed: undernourishment 17%; avitaminosis 9%; and tuberculosis .8%. "The German front-line having broken through and the Soviet army occupying Lithuania for a second time in July 1944, vast masses of Lithuanian inhabitants, part of them on receiving evacution orders, others led by the sense of self-preservation, withdrew from a second Soviet invasion. "The Lithuanians are chiefly a nation of farmers and therefore they are in general in good health. "The DPs are supplied with food, footwear, and clothing from IRO stocks. would remain in camps in Germany for a further 15 years. Recently disease of the respiratory and digestive organs as well as cutaneous disease have been noticed. Two years after the end of World War II in Europe, some 850,000 people … There were 53,000 Lithuanian DPs in Germany http://www.polishroots.com/lietuva_churches.htm, Archives in Lithuania Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Dachau, and other camps were liberated from April to May 1945. All but two DP camps in Germany were closed by 1952. (L-R Marija Senkevičiūtė-Tamulaitienė, Vytautas Tamulaitis, Vida Tamulaitytė)The Tamulaitis Family prior to departure for Canada from the DP camps in Germany, 1946. "DP food is divided into several categories. January 2009; ... (DP) camps” in what was to become West Germany, Austria, Italy, and elsewhere. Background history on Lithuanians in World War II: Opladen / Leverkusen (British zone) Poles. Study guide & statistics for all the 1945-1949 forgotten holocaust of all nationalities during World War II, Very comprehensive, includes: Ukrainians, Polish, Germans, Latvians, Estonians, Italians, French, Yugoslavs, Catholic, Orthodox, and others. Mr. Sam Haber (Director JDC Austria), Rabbi Snieg (former Chaplain Lithuanian army and Chief Rabbi of DP Camps in Germany), Mr. Auerback (Commissioner of Restitution to Victims of Nazi Bavarian Government). whose male members had already been imprisoned and whom they hoped to save in 234 489 pages of documents are stored there. The article tries to answer what socio-political factors ordained Lithuanian artists’ activity under extremely difficult circumstances when living in Germany’s pisplaced persons (DP) camps and what were the consequences of this activity. Refugees were placed in encampments known as Displaced Persons camps, and persons living in them became known as DPs. Presumably the living quarters for the Displaced Persons at Hallendorf. In Germany, the legal responsibility for the remaining DP population was transferred to the West German government (the new Federal Republic of Germany) in 1951, and by the end of 1952 Föhrenwald was the only remaining camp. Health "In addition take the whimpering and crying of children, the various parties in the room and you will understand why the DPs have no peace and why such conditions produce a very sad effect on the moral and health of people in general and the young in particular.". Generally, the money was spent at the canteen or "P.X." They have many files on each camp filled with photos and and items about Lithuanian DP camps. In 1958-59 267,000 people, mostly Russians or Russian speakers, immigrated into Lithuania. Housing in a DP camp Lithuanian church addresses Archives, illustrating Lithuanian DP camp life, were transferred to the USA and currently are kept in Lithuanian Research And Studies Center in Chicago. There were 53,000 Lithuanian DPs in Germany "Movements from one zone of occupation to the other having ceased, we find 18,000 Lithuanians in the British Zone (this figure includes residents of camps as well as people living in private flats without UNRRA care), 32,000 in the American, and 3,000 in the French Zone of occupation. The majority of Lithuanian refugees, however, moved towards the only country within reach that was not occupied by the Soviets, namely to Germany. I finished reading two of Ruta Sepetys books and dismayed by my own lack of knowledge, so here I am. Nevertheless, DP stamps appear on covers, both alone and in combination with regular German issues. All but two DP camps in Germany were closed by 1952. Estimates for the number of displaced persons varies from 11 million to as many as 20 million. The Balzekas Museum is a primary source for original material. Part of them tried to get to Sweden but only some hundreds were lucky enough to reach that country. (number as identified in Lithuanian Encyclopedia vol. Older people got to Germany either in consequence of forced evacuation or having fled with their families from the Bolshevik regime. "Accordingly, suspician and distrust ran high in DP camps housing Lithuanian refugees. Even in the aftermath of the Holocaust, our borders were barely open to Jewish survivors. regime and the Lithuanians seized this opportunity, especially those families and how he came to Germany from Poland and Lithuania? The population, chiefly comprised of Russian, Latvian, and Lithuanian survivors, also gained great influence over other DP camps in the American zone. Archives. "Only younger and more energetic people and their dependents determined to emigrate voluntarily, thus saving themselves from the Bolshevik regime. The Allies named them Displaced Persons, abbreviated "DP". I'm trying to find out my father's history pre-1949 when he was in Germany as a DP from Poland. "Baltic DP Camp Wohnheim 2/3" near Hallendorf The DP camp Janis CIRKSIS was sent to after WWII. Lithuanian patriots did not cooperate with either of the agggressors; they fought fiercely against both Hitler's troops and the Soviets. Flour, grits, fresh meat, skimmed milk, cheese, fats, sugar, salt, potatoes, vegetables or fruit (often missing) coffee, egg powder, soup powder. Best wishes, During World War II, mostly in 1944, tens of … Virtual exhibition on Baltic refugee camps in Germany weiterlesen → "The basis of DP food, then (satisfying and covering a person's requirment for calories) are carbohydrates and undigestible waste foods. These people have learned to be drivers, auto-mechanicians, electro-mechanicians, carpenters, tailors, shoemakers, nurses and the like. In 1948, there were about 60,000 Lithuanians in West Germany, about 1,400 in Austria, a few in the Scandinavian countries, France and Italy. with true Germans about 40,000 true Lithuanians succeeded in escaping from the This was only a fraction of the estimated 250,000 who left Lithuania during the war, as forced labourers deported to Germany, as men drafted into the German armed forces or as refugees fleeing the Soviet advance in 1944. This collection is part of a record group that includes the Records of Displaced Persons Camps and Centers in Germany (RG 294.2), the Records of the DP Camps of Austria (RG 294.4), and the Papers of Leo W. Schwartz (RG 294.1). ", Quotes and clothing illustrations (by Laisvi Asmonaitiene) are from a beautiful, colorful booklet called Lithuanian Roots, an Overview of Lithuanian Traditional Culture published by Lithuanian Folk Culture Center, Ethnic Culture Department B. Radvilaites 8, Vilnius, Tel. "That the DPs are willing to work is proved by their numerous offers to work for the Americans. Steinkopt, Stuttgart Germany, However, one must bear in mind that each camps's money was redeemed and destroyed and residents had little cause to save it. The last one was closed by the end of the 1950s. At first work was based on private initiative, but in the year 1948 VLIK established Historic material gathering commission, which started to coordinate this practice. actual date not given but late in 1947. First, many Jews who survived the Nazi holocaust wished to migrate to Israel, then known as Palestine. The results of the unvaried diet are anemia, bad teeth and the like.". "Thus the Lithuanians refugees, consisting of about 100,000 persons, got to Germany, Italy, Yugoslavia, France, Norway and Denmark. This room serves every purpose. "Second, while the Jewish people knew where they wanted to be relocated, Eastern Europeans, particularly Lithuanians, had definite ideas about where they did not want to relocate. The occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany lasted from the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 to the end of the Battle of Memel on January 28, 1945. Internal currency was issued in 1946, using the design created by Lithuanian Antanas Rukstele. Their hair is mostly blond or brown, their eyes are blue, their stature middle-sized. Her film consists of numerous interviews with Lithuanian Americans. The early 1950s marked the end of post-World War II displaced persons camps in Germany as the IRO’s administrative activities began to draw to a close. "The largest part of the supplied articles has been donated by citizens of the United States. 5) Neumünster-Schleswig 1945-1947 D.P. We know from my mother's papers that Juozas Navickas was last processed in FunkKaserne in Munich Germany before coming to US through the IRO. Lithuanian School Displaced Persons camps were temporary facilities established in Germany after WW II to house refugees. Osnabrück / Osnabrueck (Gut Klausheide in '47), #266, #267, over 8,600 residents, . The occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany lasted from the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 to the end of the Battle of Memel on January 28, 1945. Mr. Treger, speaking. After spending a month in a POW camp Janis was accommodated in this DP camp near Hallendorf in Germany. These people belonged to the elite of the country. The amount of supplied vegetables is minimal and these being generally cooked in soups, no vitamins remain. Moreover, mineral salts are also lacking for the same reason. The Allied Military Government in Germany at that time did not evidentally require postage stamps on mail eminating from these DP camps. The displaced persons camps and centers in Germany came into existence in 1945 as a result of the liberation of masses of inmates from the Nazi concentration camps and forced labor units. Health "On Oct 1 1941, An example of this is an organizational chart which the Lithuanians in Wiesbaden drew up. Atop a sandy slope on the outskirts of Scheinfeld, a small town in Bavaria halfway between Nuremberg and Wurzburg, sits a 17th century castle built by the Schwarzenberg family. I believe that this is another photo must also be of the YMCA committee though I can't say for certain. Lithuanian DP Camp Scout Issue of 1947 During the years immediately following World War II there were numerous displaced persons (DP) camps in Germany. This set of semi-postal stamps was issued in August 25, 1947 and it shows an open book on which five rays of light are falling. Thus, many notes described in numismatic literature are one-of-a-kind and all are considered very scarce to rare, bringing high premiums in today's market.". There are overall 130 descriptions, arranged alphabetically. this way. The remittance lists include both the names and addresses of remitters and beneficiaries, prime genealogic… The heads of families were separated from the rest; mothers were torn away from their children. Relatives from the West were able to deposit small amounts of money (typically $5 or $10, up to $100) for JDC to remit to their relatives overseas. This was only a fraction of the estimated 250,000 who left Lithuania during the war, as forced labourers deported to Germany, as men drafted into the German armed forces or as refugees fleeing the Soviet advance in 1944. Cultural activities in DP camps included the publication of newspapers and books, choruses, artists and theatre groups, sports teams. "The Lithuanians boycotted German efforts to organize a Lithuanian SS-legion, then men and women were seized by force - at home, in streets, picture houses, theatres, and even churches. The Arolsen Archives, which hold the UNRRA/IRO and ITS records for prisoners of war, dp camps, and displaced persons are now searchable on line. So for your upcoming visit, you can still see the buildings of the former barracks at Lamboystrasse in Hanau. Toward the end of 1945 and in the beginning of 1946, the majority of Lithuanian refugees in Germany were transferred to refugee camps, otherwise known as Displaced Persons Camps, which were maintained and administered by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), and from 1947 by its successor — the International Refugee Organization (IRO). "The daily ration consists of less than 2,000 calories. Why Do People Not Return Home? Combat operations, ethnic cleansing, genocide, and general fear resulted in millions of people being uprooted from their original homes in the course of World War II, becoming displaced. Therefore we find it appropriate and timely to introduce the stories of wartime Baltic refugees to a wider audience. Orlyk in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria --has its own page . http://www.polishroots.com/archives_lithuania.htm, Research links: A moving / walking / person who does not do anything needs 2,300-4,000 calories daily to preserve his health.". ". "Above 8% of the Lithuanian DPs are derived from farmers. These articles are often small rather worn out clothes and shoes. My mother Marytė Astraitė Currier was born in a DP camp in Germany in 1947, and immigrated to the US with her parents in 1949. So for your upcoming visit, you can still see the buildings of the former barracks at Lamboystrasse in Hanau. Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe were established in Germany, Austria, and Italy, primarily for refugees from Eastern Europe and for the former inmates of the Nazi German concentration camps. Excerts from Hearken Then Judge Juozas Pasilaitis, Frank Passic 01 Apr 2003 900 S. Eaton St. Albion, MI 49224 By 1953 most of the camp residents had immigrated to Israel or the U.S. or to other countries. Before its conversion into a Jewish DP camp in August 1946, Bensheim had been used as a refugee camp for non-Jewish Polish DPs. This image—no larger than a postage stamp—of the entrance to the Seligenstadt DP camp sits in my Mom's "way back when" album. United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)/Germany Mission: United States Zone (Pasing), Area Teams. Assembly Centre 269 was established in Osnabrueck, Niedersachsen, British Zone of Germany, in April 1945. Life in the camps was hard, housing was overcrowded, food and clothing was minimal. Up for bidding is a Lithuanian Red Cross displaced persons camp post set of three perforated stamps from the Baltic DP Camp Meerbeck and a Germany Leipzig Fair Issue stamp on an used postcard. Camps of various sizes were created in abandoned warehouses, former German military bases, barracks and even stables. The majority were inmates of Nazi concentration camps, Labor camps and prisoner-of-war camps that were freed by the Allied armies. Archival material in Germany Lithuanian DP camps was started to collect on 19 th of November, 1946 and was sent to the Sisters of St Casimir monastery in Chicago. The camps in Hanau don't exist anymore. "Attacking Russia on June 22, 1941, the Germans entered Lithuanian territory. In the Detmold, Germany Lithuanian DP camp publication “Lietuviu Sajunga” (Lithuanian Union) dated January 2, 1946 (No. Rabbi Snieg, Mr. Haber and Mr. Schwartz speaking. Located approximately thirty miles from Frankfurt, Bensheim displaced persons (DP) camp was part of the Frankfurt district of the American zone of occupation in Germany. "Movements from one zone of occupation to the other having ceased, we find 18,000 Lithuanians in the British Zone (this figure includes residents of camps as well as people living in private flats without UNRRA care), 32,000 in the American, and 3,000 in the French Zone of occupation. Most of the displaced persons immigrated to Israel, approximately one third to the US, and several thousand settled in Europe, including in Germany itself, and reestablished communities that had been destroyed in the Holocaust. They do not and will not return home so long as foreign occupation lasts in their native country.". Very often families separate their quarters with blankets, wishing to have a least a corner to themselves where they may hide from other people's eyes. The Lithuanian DPs are determined to emigrate and would gladly go to countries ruled by Anglo-Saxons where the climatical conditions are favourable and where their characters would adjust themselves more easily to the local conditions and the people who offered them a home. Lithuanian DP documents hold original meetings reports, correspondence, photos, various letters. At first the Germans were welcomed as liberators from the repressive Soviet regime which occupied Lithuania prior to the German arrival. Sign reads: "3rd Congress of Survivors" in Yiddish. Dr. A. Gerutis initiated Lithuanian Bibliographical Archive, which was established in 1946. The Augsburg – Hochfeld Baltic camp was also the seat of the Baltic Philatelist Association “Baltia” which was established on July 17, 1946, at the initiative of … While still in the DP camps in Germany, Janis CIRKSIS joined the Latvian chapter of the YMCA and became the treasurer. "This is the reason why the exiled Lithuanias cannot repatriate. These five stamps were used for postage through 1947. ". In Pinneberg, along with Baltic University functioned Baltic bibliographical institute. By this time many displaced persons had been repatriated to their countries of origin or resettled in new countries as part of the post-war immigration programmes of Allied nations. Photos, E-mail inquiries, research links The Library is the largest Lithuanian resource and reference center outside Lithuania. In June 1944 and some time after this action was more intensive than ever. It was in this imposing structure that a Lithuanian DP encampment was established on Apri 28, 1946 to house 1,500 Lithuanians tranferred from the DP camp in Regensburg. It appears the AEF identity cards the Allies began issuing in 1945 to refugees, showing parents‘ names, birthplace, occupation, and “destination”. If this site was helpful to you, please consider making a donation to keep it going. The number of inherited disease is relatively small, the percentage of mental and nervous cases of this kind is 7 times less than among the Germans. 2 The majority were settled in more than 113 displaced persons (DP) camps, where all but a relatively small number remained until they were allowed to emigrate in the late 1940s and early … German war-ships overtook most of the fugitives, put them in jail or took them to forced labour camps. DP facilities were quickly arranged in former German military barracks, labors camps and schools, although UNRRA was surprised to discover that as many as 2 million displaced foreigners remaining in Germany and Austria had no intention of returning to their native lands. DP Camp Research My goal is to give a voice to a forgotten history of Baltic Displaced Person camps in Germany after WWII. Resistance against the second Soviet occupation was especially persistant from 1944-54. Insula (left) & Orlyk (right) DP Camps . Most of the DP camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy closed by 1952. "When the war broke out between the Soviet Union and Germany, those of the repatriates who had been nationalized by Germans and whose passports had been stamped with the letter "O" (Ost=East), were sent to Lithuania for colonization purposes, while those who had not accepted German citizenship were ill-treated and even not allowed to leave Germany. I saw your website posted on Missing Links. (L-R Marija Senkevičiūtė-Tamulaitienė, Vytautas Tamulaitis, Vida Tamulaitytė)The Tamulaitis Family prior to departure for Canada from the DP camps in Germany, 1946. Osnabrück / Osnabrueck (Gut Klausheide in '47), #266, #267, over 8,600 residents, . Refusing to comply with German orders, the National Goverment was at once abolished by force and a German civil government installed. In 1982 the publications of the Institute were integrated into the catalogue system of the Lithuanian World Archives. At first, the Allied powers thought these people took up residence in western Germany against their will and that they would prefer to return to their homeland, but such was not the case. They as children fled Lithuania with their parents in 1944 in the final stages of WWII. “The following information chronicles the DP experiences of the Astrauskas (Astras) Family: Stasys Astras (1914-1998) and Uršulė Lukoševičiūtė Astrienė (1912-2008). The Folk Culture Center researches ethnic culture, helps preserve traditions and customs, produces scholarly and educational works and records present-day Lithuanian folk culture through video film, audio, photographs and written material. By conducting extensive research through interviews, historical documentation, and the production of a significant body of work, I want to raise larger questions of the nature of home and homelessness, exile and uprooting. They fled Lithuania and lived in a DP camp in Germany for over a decade until they received permission to immigrate to the States. (8-22) 612540, 611190 Fax 224033. Insula (left) & Orlyk (right) DP Camps . Now, adults, her subjects recall what it was like to grow up in DP camps in post-World War Germany. Any help or direction in finding information would be greatly appreciated. The Balzekas Musuem of Lithuanian Culture, has an extensive collection of Lithuanian DP camp items, including camp booklets and publications, lists of residents, an extensive library and is a great resource. "Only younger people were taken to Germany as slave labourers. In most cases, the clothing has to be altered or made to fit children. The Tamulaitis Family prior to departure for Canada from the DP camps in Germany, 1946. … Displaced persons' camps in Europe and migration around the world. In 1945 A. Ruzancov's established bibliographical service supervised the records of published documents. Notice the condition of the roof and windows. There was a camp for Lithuanian DP's at Detmold. "The Allies, including the United States initially accused Lithuanian DPs of being former Nazi sympathizers. Still, to the horror of many, some were forcibly sent back by the Allies, never to be heard from again. RG 294.5 is a collection of photographs that depicts daily life and major events in DP camps in Germany, Austria and Italy. Soviet regime under the cloak of repatriaiton. A montage of archival footage of Lithuanians in displaced persons camps after World War II featuring: day-to-day camp life and activities; living conditions; the Lithuanian Red Cross and the distribution of relief aid; children at play and at school; adults in vocational training classes; scouts; Lithuanian community leaders at a political conference; Baltic Olympic games; concert and folk-dancing footage; … Hi, The removal of part of the DPs from the British zone to England proves that this is possible and that the DPs are in favor of the scheme. When the Nazis retreated from Lithuania in 1944, thousands of Lithuanians fled their country in advance of the occupying Soviet army, knowing of the terror to come. 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