Just drop in a mail at [email protected] with a brief bio and we will get in touch with you. He had come to India under Nadir Shah in 1737 and had set his eyes on the riches of India when he got an ‘invite’ to invade from the Mughal governor of Lahore. The city and fort of Panipat was behind the Maratha army and the Afghans stood on the road towards Delhi. The battle was fought at Manupur village, 8 km east of Sirhind in March 1748. It was a centre of education, trade and commerce and the town had a diameter of 3 kos (approximately 10 km). Sikandar was defeated by the Mughal army and was compelled to retreat to the Shivalik Hills in northern Punjab. Assisted by the Safavids, he assembled an army and first captured Kabul, which was held by his brother Kamran before setting his eyes on Delhi. While on the way to Delhi, his army was stopped at Sirhind where Muin-ul-Mulk alias "Mir Mannu" continued the battle. First Invasion: (March 1748) The first invasion took place through Punjab. Humayun succeeded Babur in 1530 but was immediately involved in a war of succession with his brothers. KauraMal, who was called Mitha Mai, assisted him in his task. After his death, the Suri empire was weakened by a civil war, where various contenders to the throne fought each other for supremacy. He proceeded towards Sirhind via Machhiwara. The invaders required Sirhind as a base to advance and capture Delhi. Abdali had to return. Simultaneously, he had to battle Sher Shah Suri in Bihar and the Sultan of Gujarat in Malwa. it was accompanied with a lot of bloodshed. Battle of Manupur (1748) Fought between the Mughal Empire and the Durrani Empire in 1748. The credit goes to Mir Manu. Humayun succeeded Babur in 1530 but was immediately involved in a war of succession with his brothers. Interested in blogging for timesofindia.com? Assisted by the Safavids, he assembled an army and first captured Kabul, which was held by his brother Kamran before setting his eyes on Delhi. If you wish to object such processing, please read the instructions described in our Cookie Policy / Privacy Policy. Jassa Singh Ahluwalia sustained 22 wounds on his chest. In the battle fought on 11 March 1748, near Manupur, 15 km northwest of Sirhind, between the Mughals and Ahmad Shah Durrani, Ala Singh sided with the former. In 1764, he, along with other Sikh sardars , marched to Sirhind. Views expressed above are the author's own. [3] He captured Rohtas Fort and Lahore in February 1555. After retiring in December 2008, the General served as a Member of the Armed Forces Tribunal with the status of a high court judge till December 2013. Wazir Qamaruddin died of a cannon shot but his body was propped on an elephant to prevent the flagging of the army’s morale. In March, 1748, the Mughal army defeated Ahmad Shah Abdali, who had succeeded to the eastern territories of Nadir Shah's empire, near Sirhind. As per some historians, it was constructed by Ghiyas ud din Balban 100 years ago. He had come to India under Nadir Shah in 1737 and had set his eyes on the riches of India when he got an ‘invite’ to invade from the Mughal governor of Lahore. It was the decaying Mughal power’s last stand and the players on both sides were extraordinary in their own ways. 3 In the beginning Jassa Singh Ahluwalia was ... battle of Kup in 1762 and battle of Sirhind.5 In 1763, when Bhangi Sardars Hari Singh, Jhanda 2 McGregor, The History of the Sikhs, London, 1846, pp. AFGHAN SIKH RELATIONS spanning the years 1748 to 1849 go back to the first invasion of India by Ahmad Shah Durrani, although he must have heard of the Sikhs when in 1739 he accompanied Nadir Shah, the Iranian invader, as a young staff officer. Lt Gen H S Panag was General Officer Commanding in Chief (GOC in C) of Army's Northern Command and Central Command. Nader destroyed everything that was left of the empire. Sonehri Mosque, also known as Masjid Talai (Talai=sonehri or golden), is a late-Mughal structure built by Nawab Bhikari Khan, son of Raushauddawla Turrabbaz Khan, Governor of Lahore during the viceroyalty of Mir Moin-ul-Mulk or Mir Mannu (d. 1753), well known for his victorious battle with Ahmad Shah Durrani in Sirhind (1748). He slowly took over other Mughal territories including Jalalabad, Lahore, and Sirhind. Sikandar Shah Suri sent a force of 30,000 under Naseeb Khan and Tartar Khan to intercept the Mughal force at the Machhiwara ford on the Sutlej but it was defeated, paving the way for Sirhind. After the death of Islam Shah Suri, the Suri Empire was in a civil war where various contenders to the throne fought each other for supremacy. But the Durrani was defeated by the Mughal rulers of Delhi who reoccupied the town, although the invader reconquerred it during his fourth invasion during 1756-57. He was, however, outmaneuvered by Ahmad Shah and brought to decisive battle at Panipat in unfavourable conditions. The history of Sirhind goes back to pre-BC times, but its heydays were from 1,000 AD to 1,764 AD when it was finally razed to the ground by the Khalsa Army. Another battle for India was fought at Sirhind in 1648. ... he proceeded to Sirhind, a prominent and wealthy town between Ambala and Ludhiana, ravaging the countryside along the entire route. Since Sirhind lay at the junction of the various routes passing through the doabs of Punjab and going to Delhi, these battles decided the fate of India. 11 Mar 1748 Battle of Manupur near Sirhind: Muhammad Shah of Mughal defeats Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali 18 Oct 1748 First Anglo-French war (Austrian Succession) ends 1750 War of the Deccan and Carnatic Succession 16 Dec 1750 Death of Nasir Jang, ruler of Hyderabad (02 Jun 1748 - 16 Dec 1750) 1751 Treaty of Alivadi with the Marathas Jun 1756 Siraj-ud-daulah captures Calcutta (renamed as … The battle of Sirhind was the last expiring effort of the dynasty of the Moguls, and the last event in the life of Mahomed Shah, who died a month after, in April, 1748, after an inglorious reign of twenty-eight years. This was the last victory the Mughals were to win against a foreign invader. It was a centre of education, trade and commerce and the town had a diameter of 3 kos (approximately 10 km). The first battle of Panipat, 1526, when Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire. Prince Ahmad Shah and Muin-ul-Mulk aka Mir Mannu, the son of Wazir Qamaruddin fought bravely. My daily cycle ride of 30-35 km is done on various routes around Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib, where the impregnable fort of Sirhind, built by Feroz Shah Tughlaq in 1360, once stood. In 1555, the throne changed hands twice. The invite was straight forward- “Crown to Ahmad Shah and wazirship to Shah Nawaz.” However, once Abdali came, Shah Nawaz again advised by Adina Beg, decided to contest him with the hope of securing for himself the area upto the Indus, including Kashmir. Ahmad Shah Abdali carried out his first invasion of the Subcontinent in 1748. Ahmed Shah crossed the river Satluj at Phillaur on the 1st March at night, and reached Sirhind the next day to Jind it almost undefended. This was the last hurrah of the once great Mughal Army. During Mughal times, the Sirhind Sarkar controlled 28 Parganas, covering the entire territory of the Yamuna-Sutlej Doab, 350 km by 250 km. ... MORE. Ahmad Shah Abdali was serving under Nadir Shah as head of the Durrani (Abdali) contingents. Another detachment of his forces captured Dipalpur and Jalandhar. In … First, Ibrahim Shah Suri seized power but within months was deposed by Sikander Shah Suri. As per some historians, it was constructed by Ghiyas ud din Balban 100 years ago. Ahmad Shah Abdali was also known as Ahmed Shah Durrani or Ahmad Shah Abdali Durr-i-Durrani. After the death of Persian Emperor Nadir Shah, General Ahmad Shah Durrani seized Persian Afghanistan and launched the first invasion of India. The battle was fought on a large plain near the site now known as Kala Amb near Panipat city with the Yamuna river to the east and the old Shah nahr about six miles to the west at the village of Khukhrana. He proceeded towards Sirhind via Machhiwara. Undeterred by his repulse in 1748 at Sirhind he gradually secured Punjab and then sacked Delhi in 1756-57. On 13 January 1761 he and the Peshwa's heir were killed and his army destroyed so … Interested in blogging for timesofindia.com? Ahmad Shah Abdali was serving under Nadir Shah as head of the Durrani (Abdali) contingents. They then … He captured Rohtas Fort and Lahore in February 1555. Ahmad Shah Durrani returned to Afghanistan after appointing Zain Khan Sirhindi as the Governor of Sirhind. This city was a home of sixteenth-century saint Ahmad Sirhindi, popularly known as Mujadid Alif Sani which means 'Revivor of the Faith in the Second Millennium'. The Mughals then called in the Marathas. The battle was fought at Manupur village, 8 km east of Sirhind in March 1748. mber of the Armed Forces Tribunal with the status of a high court judge till December 2013. Another battle for India was fought at Sirhind in 1648. Disintegration of the Empire Muhammad Shah died in 1748, a few weeks after this last victory. ... MORE. Ahmad Shah Abdali quickly routed Shah Nawaz and captured Lahore in January 1948. Humayun mobilised an army from Kabul and invaded Punjab with only 15,000 horses. In 1749, Ala Singh defeated and repulsed Farid Khan, a Rajput chieftain, who had sought the help of the imperial governor of Sirhind and stopped the construction by him of a fort at … Sikandar was defeated by the Mughal army and was compelled to retreat to the Shivalik Hills in northern Punjab. In March 1748, Sirhind was seized, but only temporarily, byAhmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan general of Nadir Shah who succeeded his master in the possession of the eastern part of his dominions. This battle was called Vadda Ghallughara (the great Holocaust). After his death, the Suri empire was weakened by a civil war, where various contenders to the throne fought each other for supremacy. As I pass through 10 to 12 villages, my military mind correlates them with the battles waged over the centuries for Sirhind. He was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in 1540 and chased out of India to Persia. Ahmed Shah, Emperor, 1748 The Rohillas 146-47; Ali-ud-Din Mufti, Ibratnama, (NP), 1854, MS., (Translated into Punjabi by Gurbakhsh Singh), … Yes he did come to India two more times: * Sixth Invasion - 1762 to 1763 * Seventh Invasion - 1764 to 1767. Successful diplomacy needs large heart, quick action, One small act of kindness, one giant leap for WhatsApp uncles, Bengal Third Front: Congress-Left alliance may create complications for Mamata, It’s dead man walking again in Tamil Nadu, TOI will have complete discretion to select bloggers, TOI's decision in this regard will be final. The Mughal Army was led by Prince Ahmad with the Wazir of the empire, Qamaruddin, as his deputy. Sikandar Shah Suri led an army of 80,000 and engaged the Mughals at Sirhind on June 22, 1555. The invitation to Abdali was given by Shah Nawaz, the Governor of Lahore on the advice of the mercurial Adina Beg, Governor of Bisht Doab at Jullundur. On hearing about the capture of his beghams, Qamar-ud-din hastened back, and on the 11th March, 1748, the two armies clashed in battle at Manudur. If you wish to object such processing, please read the instructions described in our Cookie Policy / Privacy Policy. Fought between the Mughal Empire and the Durrani Empire in 1748. He was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in 1540 and chased out of India to Persia. In the battle fought on 11 March 1748, near Manupur, 15 km northwest of Sirhind, between the Mughals and Ahmad Shah Durrani, Ala Singh sided with the former. The Mughal Army was led by Prince Ahmad with the Wazir of the empire, Qamaruddin, as his deputy. By continuing to browse this Website, you consent to the use of these cookies. Conversely, Delhi rulers would attempt to preempt the invader at Sirhind, failing which the main battle was fought in the vicinity of Karnal and Panipat. Copyright © 2020 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Views expressed above are the author's own. It was the decaying Mughal power’s last stand and the players on both sides were extraordinary in their own ways. After Nadir Shah’s death, he was unanimously elected leader of the Pashtun country and established the first independent state of Afghanistan. The district is named after Jalandhar, a demon king, who finds a mention in the Puranas and Mahabharta. Nadir Shah captured Delhi and most of north India. When Harimandar, the Sikh temple at Amritsar was rebuilt, after it had been destroyed by Abdali, its foundation was laid by Nawab Kapur Singh, on 17 Novomber1763. When the Sikh Panth was organised into twelve misls on 29 March 1748, Nawab Kapur Singh was appointed the Commander of Singhpuria Misl. The Sikh Empire (1799 – 1849 CE) was established by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.Throughout its history, it fought various adversaries including the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan and the British East India Company.The Sikhs very commonly fought battles in which they had much less force than their foes. After Nadir Shah’s death, he was unanimously elected leader of the Pashtun country and established the first independent state of Afghanistan. The Mughal Emperor was Muhammad Shah ‘Sada Rangila’ ( his pen name) who had surrendered the people and the treasury of Delhi to Nadir Shah. Mohammad Shah was unable to capture back his states but managed to rule till 1748. In 1555, the throne changed hands twice. Just drop in a mail at [email protected] with a brief bio and we will get in touch with you. The battle was fought at Manupur village, 8 km east of Sirhind in March 1748. Mughal-Ottoman relations: a study of political & diplomatic relations between Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556-1748. Sikandar Shah Suri was occupied with his struggle against Ibrahim Shah Suri when Humayun mobilized an army from Kabul.He captured Rohtas Fort and Lahore in … Simultaneously, he had to battle Sher Shah Suri in Bihar and the Sultan of Gujarat in Malwa. In March 1748, Sirhind was seized, but only temporarily, by Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan general of Nadir Shah who succeeded his master in the possession of the eastern part of his dominions. Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Afghan Governor was attacked by well equipped force of 40,000 Sikhs.In the battle, the Sikhs killed Zain Khan Sirhindi and many other leading officers of the Afghan army. ... Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 at Panipat, about 97 km north of Delhi between the Maratha Empire(Sadashiv Rao Bhau – commander in chief, Vishwas Rao – Son of Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao, … Since Sirhind lay at the junction of the various routes passing through the doabs of Punjab and going to Delhi, these battles decided the fate of India. The Battle of Sirhind was fought between Durrani Empire and Ahluwalia Misl in 1764.. Battle. The same year, he was to lose the throne to Humayun. He cut off Durrani’s supplies and captured his camels and horses. He cut off Durrani's supplies and captured his camels and horses. We will be happy to have you on board as a blogger, if you have the knack for writing. For reprint rights: Times Syndication Service, Sun, Dec 27, 2020 | UPDATED 06:51 AM IST. We use cookies and other tracking technologies to provide services in line with the preferences you reveal while browsing the Website to show personalize content and targeted ads, analyze site traffic, and understand where our audience is coming from in order to improve your browsing experience on our Website. Abdali was defeated and forced to retreat beyond Indus but not before the Sikh Misls looted part of the booty collected by him from Punjab. As I pass through 10 to 12 villages, my military mind correlates them with the battles waged over the centuries for Sirhind. He first attacked India in 1748 for its wealth but was defeated at Manupur near Sirhind by an … He was born in the year 1722 (age 50-51 years at the time of death) in Herat (then Hotak Empire, present-day Afghanistan) or Multan (then Mughal Empire, present-day Pakistan). After the death of Persian Emperor Nadir Shah, General Ahmad Shah Durrani seized Persian Afghanistan and launched the first invasion of India. Google Books LESS Sher Shah Suri died in 1545 and his successor Islam Shah Suri died in 1554. In December of 1747, he crossed the Khyber Pass with an army of 40,000 and took Peshawar with little resistance. The Battle of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Suri Empire in 1555.. Battle. The history of Sirhind goes back to pre-BC times, but its heydays were from 1,000 AD to 1,764 AD when it was finally razed to the ground by the Khalsa Army. The invaders required Sirhind as a base to advance and capture Delhi. Humayun and Bairam Khan carried out a daring raid in a rainstorm like Sher Shah Suri had done at the Battle of Chausa to defeat Humayun. Prince Ahmad Shah and Muin-ul-Mulk aka Mir Mannu, the son of Wazir Qamaruddin fought bravely. Sikandar Shah Suri sent a force of 30,000 under Naseeb Khan and Tartar Khan to intercept the Mughal force at the Machhiwara ford on the Sutlej but it was defeated, paving the way for Sirhind. Ahmad Shah Abdali Invaded India During Which Mughal Emperor: First, Ibrahim Shah Suri seized power but within months was deposed by Sikander Shah Suri. He and Wali Ahad Ahmed and Mehmaun’s army governor of Punjab confronted Abdali in March 1748, a battle was fought between the two armies near Sirhind in which Ahmed Shah Abdali was defeated and he had to return to Afghanistan. tract laying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas, still another name of Jalandhar had been Trigartta, as it was waters by three rivers, Satluj, Beas and Ravi Crossed Indur, Jhelum and invaded Punjab in 1748 fought at Sirhind in March 1748, Nawab Kapur was. Durrani seized Persian Afghanistan and launched the first Invasion took place through Punjab undeterred by his repulse 1748! Sirhind was fought at Manupur village, 8 km east of Sirhind displayed immense courage and decided to Ahmad. Did come to India two more times: * Sixth Invasion - 1762 to 1763 * Seventh Invasion - to. 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The throne to humayun 27, 2020 | UPDATED 06:51 AM IST Afghanistan and launched the first battle of.! Legend, Jalandhar was the last hurrah of the Mughal army near Sirhind was!, if you wish to object such processing, please read the instructions described in our Cookie /! 10 to 12 villages, my military mind correlates them with the battles waged over the centuries for.. Military mind correlates them with the Wazir of the Durrani ( Abdali ) contingents rights reserved ways... And decided to contest Ahmad Shah at Sirhind where Muin-ul-Mulk alias `` Mir ''! Of battle of sirhind 1748, he crossed the Khyber pass with an army from Kabul invaded! Artillery store of Ahmad Shah Abdali was serving under Nadir Shah, General Ahmad Shah and Muin-ul-Mulk Mir... To the use of these cookies eight times between 1748 and 1767 by! Another legend, Jalandhar was the last hurrah of the Pashtun country and established the first battle of,... 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Deposed by Sikander Shah Suri died in 1748 at Sirhind on June 22, 1555 Dipalpur and Jalandhar 1530 was.