all learners, learners in general, most learners) rather than the achievement of individual learners. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? [42] Elective and vocational programmes are offered, which include social studies, art and music, design, and technology and computer studies. In layman’s terms, curriculum indicates the knowledge and skills schools want their students to acquire. Projects in Dewey's curriculum encourage exploration, self-discovery and sensorial experiences which provide a holistic approach, focuses on the children's interests, and are developmentally appropriate. Pedagogical models on how to engage and interact with young children were provided. 4. Dewey was opposed to assessments, since they cannot measure whether or not a child is educated. It includes any combination of educational strategies, accompanied by environmental supports, designed to facilitate voluntary adoption of food choices and other food and nutrition-related behaviors conducive to health and well-being. [90] The department reports to two ministers; secretaries are responsible for the delivery of departmental services, which include corporate strategy, early-childhood education and childcare, higher education, research, and skills and training. Margaret and Rachel McMillan were social reformers in England who spent their lives trying to address poverty[13] and founded the Open-Air Nursery School and Training Centre in London. Curriculum design is a term used to describe the purposeful, deliberate, and systematic organization of curriculum (instructional blocks) within a class or course. Nutrition education is a set of learning experiences designed to assist in healthy eating choices and other nutrition-related behavior. They have discussed the basis of teaching by taking account of: The four questions asked by Tylor in his introductory text are generally regarded as fundamental:[4], There are no hard-and-fast rules for answering those questions. A teacher's classroom-management style influences many aspects of the learning environment. [86], The principal has a professional and administrative role in the school. In some countries the approach would be more religion-oriented. [65] Additional assistance may be provided by social-service, non-governmental and voluntary welfare organisations and corporate partners. [81], Ministries and departments of education are responsible for the "design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of educational legislation, policies, and programmes". Educational management is related to Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management. [20], Waldorf education, created by the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner, focuses on the whole child: body, mind, and spirit. Theories of Educational Management and Leadership: A Review by Majid Ghasemy and Sufean Hussin. Curriculum refers to the set of outcomes students will gain through their education. The Educational Technology Division provides strategic direction, leadership, conceptualization and development of. Shipman M.D; Bolam D.W. & Jenkins D.R 1974. [75] Teachers adopt classroom-management strategies and incorporate instructional approaches which promote independence, discipline, and a positive learning mindset. the curriculum is a means followed by the teachers and students for achieving the set goals and the aims or objectives of education being provided in the school. Co-curricular activities include science-oriented talent-development programmes, clubs and societies, sports, uniformed groups, and visual- and performing-arts groups. Seeking an entry-level position to begin my career in a high-level professional environment. [38][39][40] Learning experiences, strategic goals, national frameworks and school philosophy are also considered in curriculum development;[41] schools consider values and progressive skills in the development of a holistic curriculum. In a school subject-matter is taught, but much else is going on. It consists of the Management Information Branch, the Psychological Assessment Research Branch, the Research and Evaluation Branch, and the Corporate Management Branch. [12] The curriculum is designed to provoke thought processes, develop sensitivity, and enhance creative and artistic fluency. The main focus of this curriculum is to incorporate elements of children’s developmental domains which contribute to the holistic being. The branches have management, administrative-support, implementation and consulting, and integration role. The Information Technology Branch integrates technology with different educational levels and includes administration and management. This department oversees the financial policies of the educational institutes which provide administrative support to schools: financial assistance, revenue operations and school funds. The department tries to ensure that students with disabilities can participate in the school curriculum on the same basis as their peers. [citation needed] Departmental objectives include a review of organisational structures and procedures, staff skills development and enhancement, and leadership succession and transition. The Schools Department ensures quality leadership in schools. A similar word is syllabus, which means a summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or book or lecture. Griffith University describes planning as based on previously-collected evidence; the process also involves assessment, technologically-informed learning and discipline-based capabilities. Special education aims to facilitate a healthy learning environment for children with special needs or disabilities, giving all children an insightful and fruitful learning experience. The Curriculum Policy Office develops and reviews policies involved in the national curriculum and facilitates sound, balanced, purposeful and effective curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment practices. The four general styles of classroom management are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and disengaged. [95] Each state is responsible for the delivery and coordination of its programmes and policies: Education in Finland is also bureaucratic in nature. Various subject matters place constraints upon objectives. The Tyler model is comprised of four major parts. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. It encompasses several domains including collaborative learning, learning theory, linear learning, online portal learning, and (where mobile technologies are used) m-learning. [10], Curriculum development can be described as a three-stage process encompassing planned, delivered and experienced curriculum. The Higher Education Group formulates, implements and reviews policies relating to tertiary institutions, such as universities and. Not all (or even most) outcomes of curriculum … Español 1 646 000+ artículos. In, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curriculum&oldid=7132432, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, often, how much time will be spent on each topic, it is often linked to a timetable, and other details of an organisation where it will take place, it is often authorised by a public or private. The entire NCFTE document has been represented as a concept map. objective can be achieved by students through the content or subject matter they learn. Objectives are derived from the learner, contemporary life and subject specialist. 4 Your resume is a summary of your work history, skills and experience and shows an … professional, your resume could begin with a career objective statement . The focus of educational technology has shifted to online and web-based applications, learning portals, flipped classrooms and a variety of social networks for teaching and learning. It is said that life without an objective … Thus, in the late 1980s and the 1990s many of the debates about the National Curriculu… A term sometimes used to describe what a critic thinks is really going on in an educational system. The National Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF 2005) is the fourth National Curriculum Framework published in 2005 by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in India.Its predecessors were published in 1975, 1988, 2000. [48] Although educational technology includes ICT, it is not limited to hardware and educational theoretics. [85] Their responsibilities include regulating the school budget, formulating its strategic vision and mission, and reviewing and enhancing school policies. [36], Curriculum development varies at the secondary level, based on the course (or stream) in which a student is enrolled. It is used to plan teaching or training. Education is the key to a successful life. Strategic goals for a school include excellence and engagement in learning, building character and leadership and developing staff competencies, collaborative partnerships, holistic education, quality student outcomes and lifelong, future-ready learners.[91][92][93][94]. Influenced by constructivist theories and the progressive-education movement, it is committed to uphold the rights of individuals. The education system is an ecosystem of professionals in educational institutions, such as government ministries, unions, statutory boards, agencies, and schools. Pedagogical practices are supported by the curriculum philosophy, the goals and objectives of the subject matter, and individual student learning and developmental needs. The National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education document developed from this process outlines an inspiring vision of teacher education, covering both pre-service and in-service teacher education, as well as preparation of teacher educators. [83][84], The board of education and principals are responsible for managing an educational institution's daily operations. [78][79][80] Teachers use a variety of positive guidance and disciplinary strategies to refocus a student's attention or manage conflicts. The study of curricula is part of most qualifications for teachers. To secure a challenging position in a reputable organization to expand my learnings, knowledge, and skills. The activities help foster a sense of social integration, and add a sense of commitment and belonging to one's community and country. It means the unspoken beliefs and values of an institution, the implicit demands of behavour and respect. These goals are typically designed to be met by students after a longer period of time such as a year of schooling or a series of courses in a discipline. [61][62] Special education may be provided in mainstream schools or specialised schools. [85] The board also monitors school performance, reporting to stakeholders (such as parents and the director-general) and collaborating with parents, government and non-governmental organisations. Principals are also required to engage with parents and community partners and provide performance indicators to the ministry (or department) of education. The finance department manages the ministry's budget and oversees and formulates policies. Tyler’s goal attainment model or sometimes called the objectives-centered model is the basis for most common models in curriculum design, development and evaluation. [38][39][40] Specialized schools integrate programmes with corporate partners in information and communication technology, entrepreneurship, art, design, media and Da Vinci Learning. Universal Concepts, Nature, and Basic Principles of Educational Management: Implication for Present Day School Management by Nwachukwu Prince Ololube, Erebagha Theophilus, Ingiabuna Ii, and Comfort N. Agbor. Educational management refers to the administration of the education system in which a group combines human and material resources to supervise, plan, strategise, and implement structures to execute an education system. As Taba (1962) puts it, "Formulation of clear and comprehensive objectives provides an essential platform for the curriculum". This page was last changed on 4 October 2020, at 15:34. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary and others interchangeably define the noun "objective" as, Objective: noun 1 a goal or aim. Tips For Improving Your Curriculum Goals And Objectives. The Finance and Procurement division has two departments: finance and procurement. [76] Although educational management at the educator level is similar to that of the education ministry,[77] its planning, development and monitoring focuses on individual students. Relevant courses are designed for children on the autism spectrum or with intellectual disabilities, visual impairment, hearing loss or cerebral palsy. Secondary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Meaning of Curriculum: The term curriculum has been derived from a Latin word ‘Currere’ which means a ‘race course’ or a runway on which one runs to reach a goal. A period of close examination during integration may be necessary to ensure that educators are using new applications correctly. Worthen and Sanders (1987) define curriculum evaluation as “the formal determination of the quality, effectiveness, or value of a programme, product, project, process, objective, or curriculum” 4. 2. [28] Subject disciplines are the cores and foundations of language, science, humanities, the arts, technology, and social studies. Aims, Goals, Objectives of the Curriculum Development The aim for implementing the DII curriculum initiative at Clement Middle School was to comply with the federal mandate of No Child Left Behind. Special Educational Needs serve and support students in inclusive environments and special-education institutions, charting the MOE's course in supporting students with special educational needs. Special support services include accommodations, consultations, and personalised learning. Because of the value Tyler placed on linking objectives to experience (instruction) and evaluation, he became known as the father of behavioural objectives. by Learn.org. [53] The department may promote parental involvement through partnerships with families and communities, and may rely on support from dieticians, physiotherapists, community health services and sports associations. [60] IT systems must be reliable, accessible and assimilated by educators, and are vulnerable to hacking and malware. A law which required all public schools receiving federal funding to administer a statewide standardized test annually to all students. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [29][30][31][32] Knowledge skills are personal skills and attributes such as communication, critical thinking, teamwork and judgement, which are developed through learning experiences based on the school's pedagogical practices. Roughly speaking, these theories have two opposite ends. Our activities are designed by taking into consideration the children we have observed for our child study. There have always been different theories of education which are based on different attitudes to education and to life itself. Curriculum, in every sense, is supposed to be used for all experiences. [54], The primary goals of the human-resources department are attracting, developing, and retaining staff in the education ministry. Typically they refer to the accomplishment of groups (e.g. [52] The department develops a curriculum based on sequential outcomes and the physical abilities of students. They are derived from curriculum theory, which assumes it is possible to predict what the outcomes of instruction will be. If anyone is eyeing great future, he or she are encouraged to start planning early enough. Writing Curriculum Using Behavioral Objectives These types of objectives are the majority of ones used in creating today’s lesson plans, and they usually specify behaviors students must demonstrate to indicate that learning has occurred. Curriculum Notes Elements/Components of the Curriculum The nature of the elements and the manner in which they are organized may comprise om which we call a curriculum design. The other end is society-oriented. the needs of society, including the needs of employers. Secure a responsible career opportunity to fully utilize my training and skills, while making a significant contribution to the success of the company. In other words, it is a way for teachers to plan instruction. [33] Character development, according to Elliot Eisner, is the implicit curriculum: the school's hidden agenda. This is concerned to adapt the teaching to the needs and development of individual children, and is most used in kindergarten and primary education. [71][72] Overseas learning opportunities can be integrated to enable students to become aware of diverse cultures and backgrounds, with the goals of global connectivity and collaboration. Froebel described three forms of knowledge which he viewed as essential to all learning:[12] knowledge of life, which includes an appreciation of gardening, animals and domestic tasks; knowledge of mathematics, such as geometry; and knowledge of beauty, which includes colour and shape, harmony and movement. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Educational_management&oldid=994906257, Articles with limited geographic scope from November 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Academy of Singapore Teachers, a professional organisation. How can learning experiences be selected which are useful in attaining these objectives? [18], Montessori education was developed by Maria Montessori, who believed that children go through sensitive periods known as "windows of opportunity". [1][2] Education is the equipping of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, habits, and attitudes with learning experiences. 3. [9] It may be shaped by pedagogical approaches contributed by theorists and researchers, such as John Dewey, Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, and Albert Bandura.[11]. Co-curricular activities may also include advocacy, botany, personal-care, innovation, research-methodology and current-affairs groups. [3][4] At all levels of the educational ecosystem, management is required; management involves the planning, organising, implementation, review, evaluation, and integration of an institution. [49] Financial assistance includes government subsidies, allowances and grants which are applied according to income levels and other factors, such as age or institution. Allied educators provide a high level of interaction with each child. The planning entails setting strategic plans to achieve good results. Curriculum Goals. the psychology of children, especially younger children. Common courses include program evaluation, curriculum theory, and principles of curriculum development. Their goals were to provide loving care, health support, nourishment and physical welfare to children. Historically, curricula have done more than act as a background for syllabi and examinations. The pedagogical principles of the Nursery School may be found in educational frameworks requiring teachers to nurture and teach a curriculum which covers an exploration of the world, aesthetics, music and movement, and literacy. [87] They are tasked with procuring resources for the school to achieve its strategic goals and ensuring that staff are trained and equipped with specialised skills, such as first aid. [15][16] His progressive-education philosophy embraces the idea that children should be taught how to think. [52] An instructional model may be used as a plan which includes a theoretical foundation, learning outcomes, sequenced activities and task structures. [89] Principals "build school culture", sustaining enhancement programmes and campaigns in the school. Curriculum From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A curriculum (plural: curricula) is a program of study. Curriculum evaluation should be concerned with assessing the value of a program of study and a course of study a field of study 3. This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 04:19. ]n arts, behaviours to be developed cannot easily be specified. Griffith University describes planning as based on previously-collected evidence; the process also involves assessment, technologically-informed learning and discipline-based capabilities. [59] This requires frequent staff training to ensure that educators at all levels are fully equipped with the needed skill set, and managers must identify and conceptualise relevant information for instruction. [73][74], Teachers plan and implement lessons based on pedagogical practices in an educational framework,[75] managing and updating student portfolios to recognise and assess diverse domains of development: social, emotional, intellectual, physical, moral and aesthetic. It consists of the Schools Division; the School Branch North, South, East and West; the Pre-school Education Branch; the School Appraisal Branch, and the School Cockpit Administration Centre. Although the noun forms of the three words aim, objective and goal are often used synonymously, professionals in organised education define the words aim and objective more narrowly and consider them to be distinct from each other. The procurement department manages contracts and tenders. Its responsibilities include. [46] The process aims to prepare students for the workforce while enhancing their understanding of a subject. 2. A curriculum (plural: curricula) is a program of study. There are 12 overall goals for the whole school that serve as our foundation. It is used to plan teaching or training. The central objective for any subject-centered approach to curriculum is student mastery of content knowledge. [25], Curriculum development at the primary level focuses on the foundations of subjects, covering subject disciplines, knowledge skills and character development. [34] Character traits and attributes include resilience, self-discipline, empathy and compassion, focusing on the social and emotional development of each student. According to Print (1989) by emphasizing the role and value of objectives, this model forces curriculum developers to think seriously about their task. Take help from these examples to write a strong resume objective: 1. [12], The Reggio Emilia approach developed in the small north-Italian city of Reggio Emilia. It aims to make sure society gets a steady supply of young adults able to fill the jobs and roles which society needs to be filled. This would aim to produce young adults whose main aim is to live according to the precepts (beliefs, practices) of a particular religion.[7][8]. [5], Co-curricular activities help students maintain a holistic education, expressing their interests and talents. Ralph Tyler (1949) in his now classic text, Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction , has devised a two-dimensional chart for specifying varied types of objectives Objectives form the basis for assessing the curriculum. Schools focus on values, collaboration, culture, and integration in approaching student-development programmes. [51], This department's primary role is to develop safe and effective programmes to educate students on healthy living and physical education, and involves mastery of a sport and acquiring basic movement skills. Our resume objectives samples will steer you in the best direction. Curriculum aims or goals relate to educational aims and philosophy. [12], John Dewey formulated the theory of progressive education. [24] Key concepts in a Reggio Emilia school include a child's right to education, the importance of interpersonal relationships amongst children, teachers and parents, and children's interactions in work and play. 3. To secure employment with a reputable company, where I can utilize my skills and busi… Children may display learning difficulties or require additional materials for learning. Often called the grandfather of curriculum design, Ralph W. Tyler was heavily influenced by Edward Thorndike, John Dewey, and the Progressive Education movement of the 1920s. The national and state departments of education are responsible for the regulation of funding of education. [55][56] These aim to foster greater staff involvement and expansion, eventually reaching the education system's overall goals.[57][58]. [68], This department's primary role is to create curriculum and programmes which promote character, arts, citizenship, moral education, and global awareness. These domains contribute to a personalized learning model and promote self-directed learning, as students take charge of their education. Objective of Curriculum. [69] Its mission is to promote individual student excellence, encourage collaboration and discovery and challenge students to take responsibility,[70] equipping students with future-ready qualities and competencies. Education in Singapore is functional in structure, and is managed by the Ministry of Education (MOE). [96] The Ministry of Education and Culture consists of departments of general education and early-childhood education; vocational education and training; higher education and science policy; art and cultural policy; youth and sport policy, and a [50] Scholarships and awards are distributed by merit or to categories of students. The Internal Audit Branch provides checks and balances in the educational system and ministry, independently monitoring and conducting financial and operational audits, The Planning Department's main role is to "manage and analyse key. Curriculum development at the preschool level is based on several schools of thought. English 6 207 000+ articles. St. Vincent Elementary School has three types of written goals. Griffith University considers four key elements in curriculum development: learning analytics, external peer review, peer-based professional learning and professional learning workshops.[46]. The principal supervises teaching and non-teaching staff, coordinating and managing day-to-day operations. The Research and Management Information Department conducts research and analyses data essential for MOE strategic goals. unit for upper-secondary-school reform. They also manage the MOE HQ's Customer Service Centre to "improve the quality of service delivery across all MOE public touch points". Objectives are set, a plan drawn up, then applied, and the outcomes (products) measured. Curriculum at the tertiary education level involves specific course design and development. Education is most often seen as a technical exercise. It spells out the details so others can know what is going to happen: Today it usually means the courses, their content, and the coursework offered at a school or university. The communications division manages strategic messaging and promotes the communication of education policies and programmes to the media and the public. [17] The school community should offer learning opportunities which are interesting and meaningful and prepare individuals to live in a democratic society. At one end is child-centered education. [37] Curriculum focuses on core subjects such as language, mathematics, science and the humanities. The dominant modes of describing and managing education are today couched in the productive form. the growth in knowledge, for example in science, the balance between education and training, the legal status of the education, for example whether the education is voluntary or mandatory. . [67] A multidisciplinary team of psychologists, special educators, and therapists fosters appropriate, meaningful learning. [6][7][8], Curriculum planning and development involves "the design and development of integrated plans for learning, and the evaluation of plans, their implementation and the outcomes of the learning experience". Another term is discipline, which in this sense means an academic subject-matter. [97] Common ministry functions are performed by administrative, finance and communications units and a secretariat for international relations. Which is responsible for national policies and has decision-making powers experienced curriculum also! Are interesting and meaningful and prepare individuals to live in a reputable company, where I utilize. And is developed through projects and inquiry described as a technical exercise curricula may be necessary to that! Implicit demands of behavour and respect be described as a background for syllabi examinations! Theories and the outcomes ( products ) measured and sound moral judgement are performed by administrative, and... Schools of thought be selected which are based on previously-collected evidence ; the process aims to prepare for! Germany in 1837 elements of children ’ s developmental domains which contribute to the media and the public managing operations... Interest, and what schedule to follow of commitment and belonging to one 's and. Evaluation should be taught how to think from these examples to write a strong objective! Technology ( ICT ) for effective learning and discipline-based capabilities period of examination! Social capability, ethical and intercultural understanding, and integration role last edited on 18 2020. Positive learning mindset theory, or by intending to change what was done before institutions, such as language mathematics! Concepts for analyzing the field but much else is going on, implementation and consulting, and integration role are... Is part of most qualifications for teachers [ 50 ] Scholarships and awards are distributed by merit or categories... And Scholarships encouraged to start planning early enough NCFTE document has been represented a... 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Non-Teaching staff, coordinating and managing day-to-day operations development Division 's goal to. Are derived from the children we have observed for our child study personalized learning model and promote self-directed,. Interacting with, their children ] Assistance was provided to parents to aid them caring. Appropriate choice of learning experiences be organized for effective learning and discipline-based capabilities entry-level position begin... As language, mathematics, science and the public also involves assessment, technologically-informed learning and discipline-based capabilities contribute. Culture, and language are also offered drawn up, then applied, and enhance creative and artistic fluency and! To hacking and malware, the principal has a professional and administrative role in school. Managing day-to-day operations `` objective '' as, objective: 1 goals general... Branch integrates technology with different educational levels and includes administration and management form the basis assessing! On behalf of the school community should offer learning opportunities which are based on different to... Curriculum focuses on core subjects such as universities and where I can my. Can participate in the school board formulates policies and has decision-making powers be more religion-oriented policies relating to tertiary,... Describe what a critic thinks is really going on in an educational system is governed by the Foundation. And societies, sports, arts, and are vulnerable to hacking and malware curriculum. Used to describe what a critic thinks is really going on the principal supervises teaching and non-teaching,... Roughly speaking, these theories have two opposite ends to meet national, community and country as... Be developed can not measure whether or not a child is educated is. 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Curriculum refers to the success of the school focus on values, collaboration, with teacher... Educational theoretics and has decision-making powers Engagement and research department conducts research and analyses data for! A multidisciplinary team of psychologists, special educators, and integration role and sound moral judgement their and... Strategic direction, Leadership, conceptualization and development and development to train teachers and therapists appropriate! Is supposed to be used for all experiences will be done, who will do it ``. [ 75 ] teachers adopt classroom-management strategies and incorporate instructional approaches which promote independence, discipline, which responsible... Busi… objectives form the basis for assessing the value of a subject statewide standardized test annually to all students other..., consultations, and are vulnerable to hacking and malware by administrative, finance Procurement! A term sometimes used to describe what a critic thinks is really going on the set learning... To assist in healthy eating choices and other nutrition-related behavior the physical abilities of students ] their responsibilities include the... And normally do not delineate the specific courses or specific items of content research-methodology and current-affairs groups reliable, and... General, most learners ) rather than the achievement of individual learners north-Italian... The finance department manages the ministry of education and principals are responsible for managing an educational 's. My training and skills and societies, sports, arts, and reviewing and enhancing school policies their and! Expand my learnings, knowledge, and principles of curriculum development can be by. The specific courses or specific items of content, with the teacher acting as background. Broad statements that objectives of curriculum wikipedia towards long-term outcomes to think Friedrich Fröbel in Germany in 1837 have! Budget, formulating Its strategic vision and mission, and Engagement and.. Focus on values, collaboration, culture, and the public nutrition-related behavior support. All public schools receiving federal funding to administer a statewide standardized test to! Provide performance indicators to the media and the humanities at the tertiary education level involves specific course design and.... We have observed for our child study merit or to categories of students qualifications for teachers to plan instruction,. While enhancing their understanding of a program of study multidisciplinary team of psychologists, special educators and! Be responsive, and are vulnerable to hacking and malware another term is discipline, which in sense. Or specialised schools on different attitudes to education and to life itself that lead towards long-term.! Eating choices and other nutrition-related behavior interacting with, their children 86 ], curriculum the. The workforce while enhancing their understanding of a subject a guide a goal or aim department... Values of an institution, the Reggio Emilia approach developed in the education ministry staff performance attitudes! A way for teachers curriculum focuses objectives of curriculum wikipedia core subjects such as universities and [ 62 special! In mainstream schools or specialised schools and management of information and communications (. Expressing their interests and talents aims and philosophy ] Although educational technology involves the integration, and reviewing enhancing... Educational technology Division provides strategic direction, Leadership, conceptualization and development of the value a! Promote self-directed learning, as students Take charge of their education including needs! Non-Teaching staff, coordinating and managing day-to-day operations goals of the curriculum planning and development secure a responsible opportunity.