Iago says he's going to drop it for Cassio to find.) But in Much Ado, Hero’s fidelity is proved and Don John’s villainy is exposed, and we have a comedy. ... How will Iago involve Emilia in his plot? Iago continues his insinuations when speaking to Othello; he provides more "proofs" that are anything but, though Othello has calmed, and seems more troubled and less angry. Iago used Roderigo to carry out his plans so he could keep his hands “clean”. Iago & The Othello Plot. Othello claims not to be jealous; though it is obvious from his manner that this is untrue. The handkerchief given by Othello to Desdemona is a symbol of his love and gratitude towards her, and was a token that binds their marriage. [Cassio?s] present reconciliation take? I'll beat the knave into a twiggen bottle" (2.3.147-148). Enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts by email. Iago intendes to sabotage Othello's relationship with Desdemona. Honest Iago plays as a Villain who at first wanted to help his friend Rodrigo out by putting in a good word to a women named Desdemona. Early in the scene Othello says the following to "force" Iago to speak his mind, "I think thou dost; / And, for I know thou'rt full of love and honesty. Iago convinces Roderigo about Desdemona’s “affair” with Cassio by pointing out that they held hands. We cannot be sure why he is doing what he is doing. Desdemona turns for help to Iago, who reassures her. Othello gives Iago the duty of conveying Desdemona to Cyprus. Iago starts talking to himself saying, “I will turn her virtue into pitch” - William Shakespeare, Iago Quotes, Act 2, Scene 3, Line 338. Brown-Adapted from IB Workshop notes, IB exams & Druce, Elizabeth and Hannah Tyson. Like a puppet master, Iago uses deception in the play Othello, by William Shakespeare, as a duplicitous being with perfidious views on the demise of others for personal revenge against Othello. Iago is malicious and manipulative. Brabantio summons Othello before the court, but Othello convinces him that he and Desdemona have not yet lain together, and the two of them are married. To make him look like a drunk in front of important people. 250-260 stating that by doing this Roderigo will “ have a shorter journey to your/desires” (2.1.259-260) namely Desdemona. In the case of Othello, Iago will use the handkerchief Othello gave Desdemona in order to convince Othello that Desdemona's been cheating. The Duke positively expresses his view on this union and asks Brabantio to accept it. Othello leaves for the state affairs regarding the attack and Iago is committed to bringing Desdemona to him later on. The racial issue is of paramount importance in this play. Like Iago, Don John wants to wreck the (upcoming) marriage between Claudio and Hero, and sets about convincing Claudio that his bride-to-be cannot be trusted. Second, Shakespeare doesn’t make Iago, the villain, someone whose motives we can understand. All heroes have a tragic flaw, of course: Macbeth’s is his ‘vaulting ambition’, Hamlet’s is his habit of delaying or over-analysing (although the extent to which he actually delays can be questioned), and so on. His first plot is to try to prevent Othello’s marriage to Desdemona, the beautiful daughter of Brabantio, by telling Brabantio that Othello and Desdemona have already slept together even though they are not married. Iago’s main goal is to get Othello and Cassio out of the army, but in the end fails to ruin Cassio’s life, only Othello’s. The “Colour” issue would have been evident in the original performances, since the Moor would certainly have been played in blackface. He warns Othello to be aware that Desdemona may not be as virtuous as she appears on the surface. ... How will Iago use Cassio in his plot to get revenge on Othello? Shakespeare uses a number of techniques to express the manipulaton of Iago in this scene. Othello is easily persuaded and this leads him to put his trust in the wrong people. Iago used Roderigo for his dirty work so that he would not betray his front as “Honest Iago. Alone, Iago congratulates himself on how well his plot is going. (Remember, when Desdemona dropped her handkerchief by accident, Emilia picked it up and gave it to Iago. Iago than quickly changed his motive of helping his friend out, to also wanting Desdemona creating conflict between Roderigo and Desdemona husband, Othello. combine with other fears Iago has planted, and drive Othello almost mad with jealousy. After Cassio falls from Othello’s favor, Iago exploits Desdemona’s eagerness to bring the two men back together : “So will I turn her virtue into pitch / And out of her own goodness make the net” (2.3.). Writers from Dickens to George R. R. Martin have often sorrowfully or gleefully talked of ‘killing off’ their own characters for the amusement of others; Iago wishes to ruin Othello’s marriage for his own amusement or, in Hazlitt’s phrase, ‘stabs men in the dark to prevent ennui’. Othello: Plot Summary Act I, Scene I The play opens on a warm Venetian night, where a conversation is underway between Roderigo, a gentleman, and Iago, a soldier under Othello's command. Iago even uses his words against his own wife, Emilia, deceiving her and manipulating her to help carry out his plan by retrieving Desdemona’s hankerchief from her. After Cassio falls from Othello’s favor, Iago exploits Desdemona’s eagerness to bring the two men back together : “So will I turn her virtue into pitch / And out of her own goodness make the net” (2.3.). Revenge shapes the play Othello, its plot and characters. Throughout the play, Iago's soliloquies disclose to the audience what he does not reveal to the other characters as his plans take shape. that Cassio talked about Desdemona, while he was actually talking about Bianca and his sexual relationship with her, to mention just one example. Iago counters this threat by telling Roderigo that Desdemona will leave for … As a result, when Desdemona does intercede on Cassio’s behalf, Othello becomes very jealous and suspicious. Othello promotes Michael Cassio to the position of lieutenant and Iago becomes extremely jealous. But this does not mean that he is not being driven by anything. Iago has absolutely no shame in turning the minds of his fellow soldiers and friends, including his general, against each other. Iago essentially uses Desdemona as a pawn in his scheme to ruin Othello. He hides the handkerchief in Cassio’s bedchamber and then tells Othello that Cassio has it. But Shakespeare does several very interesting, and artistically quite bold, things with this basic plot, and the characters he uses to tell the story. Just then Iago begins to reap some of the fruits of his scheming. From the beginning of the play, Othello, a moor, is considered an ill-suited match for the Venetian, fair and beautiful Desdemona by other characters. Iago influences every action that takes place in the plot, because he wants to destroy the people who have betrayed him, by planting false thoughts in their heads, so that they give his speeches faith and draw the wrong conclusions. These tragic flaws are imperative to the play, and without them there would be a lack of plot, conflict, and climax. (III, iii, 51), ?she shall undo her credit with [Othello]? Things to Notice in Act 1 Notice what Iago says about Othello in the opening scene. When he didn’t need Roderigo anymore Iago betrayed him by killing him. The next technique that he used was that he knew how to use all his options he could use all the tools in his grasp. Iago is suggesting that Desdemona has acted against nature in marrying Othello rather than one of her own kind Iago implies that Desdemona has married Othello because of lust or passion and will eventually realize her error and go back to her own kind Iago manipulating Othello to believe Desdemona isn't really in love with him Desdemona, Roderigo, Iago and his wife Emilia arrive. But as is so often with a well-known text, we don’t know this one nearly as well as we think we do: Othello has more in it than jealousy, the ‘green-eyed monster’, and (implied) racial hatred. At this point, the reader simply assumes that Iago is jealous of Cassio and angry at Othello for appointing Cassio as lieutenant, which leads to the scene in which Iago and Roderigo are alerting Brabantio that Othello is sleeping with Desdemona. Roderigo, protesting to Iago that his gifts to Desdemona have won him no favor from her, threatens to ask for the return of the gifts. If the first rule of creative writing class is ‘show don’t tell’, the second or third rule may well be ‘make your characters’ motivations clear’. He is willing to believe his innocent wife has been unfaithful to him even though he is, to all intents and purposes, devoted to her. 5) How does Iago use Bianca to trick Othello? Act II: What dramatic function does the conversation between Montano and the two gentlemen serve? He uses many characters to his advantage, realizing how … ‘ Although initially speaking to Emilia Iago includes Desdemona by the use of the plural, stating the fact that they do not conduct themselves with skill in the house but are very experienced and skilful in bed. To deal with this, Iago uses Desdemona’s handkerchief which he has just been given to quickly devise a plot which later serves as ocular proof for Othello. This makes him a more interesting tragic hero, in some ways, because he isn’t a spotless hero with one major blind spot: his blind spot is, in a sense, everyone else but himself. Iago begins plotting against Othello, the eponymous hero, and turns him against his wife, Desdemona, daughter of the senator of Venice, Brabantio, by telling him of … Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Indeed, he goes out of his way to make Iago as inscrutable as possible. (See 1.2.50-100) Iago also uses the foolish … It is not until after Desdemona's murder that Emilia realizes what her husband has done and the role she played in helping him. His goal is to destroy the life and marriage of Othello even if it means harming others in the process. Although we only read about him gaining Cassio in his web I’m sure he might have used other to get the trust of the others. Iago’s confidence in his ravaging plot comes from his knowledge that Jealousy emerges from within. What “proof” does Iago use to convince Roderigo that Cassio and Desdemona are lovers? What information does Iago use to spark Roderigo’s interest in his plan to discredit Cassio? Iago knows that “the moor already changes with [his] poison” by putting doubt in his mind with the fact that she had given away the Hankercheif. Things to Notice in Act 1 . In Shakespeare’s source material for the play, a novella by the Italian author Cinthio, Iago is straightforwardly evil and devilish, intent on destroying Othello’s life, and with a clear motive. How does Othello respond to the threat of violence? Once Roderigo leaves, Iago talks to himself about his further plan which is to corrupt Othello’s mind with the idea that handsome Cassio is seducing Desdemona. In this way, race plays a small but still significant role in Shakespeare’s play. After successfully planting the seed of doubt in Othello, he moves on to putting Desdemona’s handkerchief under Cassio’s possession as a confirmation of the affair. Desdemona’s dying words are an attempt to exculpate her husband, and Cassio’s first reaction on learning that he has been crippled thanks to Othello’s jealous suspicions is to exclaim “Dear General, I never gave you cause!” I find no evidence that Othello is a Muslim. The quote shows Iago’s desire to control every aspect of how his plan will unfold, and also his sinister sense of poetic justice. Here Iago orchestrates even the way in which Desdemona will be killed. Finally, Iago counsels Othello to trust only what he sees, not Iago's suspicions. He warns Othello against the dangers of "the green-eyed monster" (3.3.165-7) of jealousy, while at the same time noting that Desdemona did successfully deceive her father. As it advances the other characters are drawn in. Iago’s sneaky mannerism is display when he says to Othello “it were not for your quiet… to let you know my thoughts” Iago is not revealing his thoughts on Cassio and Desdemona, as Iago knows this will make Othello believe that Iago is trying to protect him, and create the appearance that he is on Othello’s side. Othello is a highly respected general and Iago is his ambitious comrade. But Shakespeare’s Iago is more dangerous still: a human, with clearly human attributes and intellect, who nevertheless derives great pleasure from causing harm to others purely because … well, because it gives him pleasure. It “doth mock the meet it feeds on”. He tells Iago to kill Cassio, and he publicly strikes Desdemona, accusing her in front of everyone. Iago falsely assures him so and asks for money. Iago is able to operate successfully in his plans, as Desdemona dies, Iago has gained his revenge from Othello. Although we only read about him gaining Cassio in his web I’m sure he might have used other to get the trust of the others. Othello, a black man, has gained the love of Desdemona, the daughter of a wealthy citizen. The whole thing is really, of course, Iago’s play, as many critics have observed: if Othello is the tragic lead in the drama, Iago is the stage-manager, director, and dramatist all wrapped up in one. This suggestions put Othello into a state of such emotional turmoil that he is lost in a trance. We hear someone yelling "help!" Iago tells Roderigo that Desdemona is in love with Cassio. Her innocent hopes that “let Cassio be received again” (3.4.) A mere handkerchief, that authenticates their love, is easily misused by Iago to prove Desdemona infidel. The only characters whose view of Othello is not distorted by racial stereotyping are Desdemona and Cassio. Iago is … Roderigo is talked into angering and fighting Cassio by Iago during Act 2.1. Realising he has thrown away the life of an innocent woman he loved dearly, Othello kills himself publicly, Cassio is made governor of Cyprus, and Iago is taken off for punishment. Iago plants Desdemona's handkerchief in Cassio's room. We’re told that he was sold into slavery in his childhood; presumably he was raised as a Christian. The next technique that he used was that he knew how to use all his options he could use all the tools in his grasp. Notice what Iago says about Othello in the opening scene. Cassio thanks him, completely trusting his judgement. Cassio gives it to his mistress, Bianca. Othello, consumed with jealousy, smothers Desdemona to death with a pillow, Emilia (Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s maid) tells Othello that she was the one who found the handkerchief and gave it to her husband; Iago kills her for revealing this, and Othello wounds Iago. Roderigo, who has been courting Desdemona, is upset with the news that she has eloped with Othello, a great Moorish warrior who is now a general in the service of the ruler of Venice. Othello admits that he married Desdemona.But he denies using any magic to win her love, and says that Desdemona will support his story. Will make it seem like Desdemona will cheat on Othello with Cassio. Consequently, he is able to manipulate the characters in an adroit manner with ease as if … Iago is incredibly organized, mischievous and will stop at nothing to humiliate Cassio and his general. Iago plants the idea to Othello that something inappropriate may be happening between Cassio and Desdemona, and encourages Othello to pay attention to whether “your lady strain his entertainment / With any strong or vehement importunity” (3.3.). Othello begins with some dialogue explaining the setting, plot and characters. 10) Why does Roderigo agree to kill Cassio. He will use his sucking up to Desdemona. He is passed over for a promotion and this trigger jealous and envies which he takes out on the lives of his boss Othello and his boss's wife, Desdemona. Iago advises Cassio to ask Desdemona to speak on his behalf with her husband. Using the knowledge of his love for Desdemona, Iago manages to turn Roderigo against Cassio by telling him that “Desdemona is directly in love with him.” (2.1.210). The action centers on his plot against Othello. Cassio for sleeping with Desdemona demoting his position Cassio behavior is rooted in a deep sense honor. Iago, having got hold of a handkerchief of Desdemona’s, which she’d lost (a gift from Othello), hatches a plan to make Othello think his wife has been sleeping with Cassio. Uses imagery to describe the effect he thought of his wife’s affair with Othello has on him He compares the feeling to a poisonous mineral working on his stomach Iago is clearly jealous of othello and uses this rumour as justification for his actions He refers to squaring things “wife for wife” suggesting he fully intends to use Desdemona in order to destroy othello The “ocular proof” for Othello is not his wife’s words but a cloth material. Alone with Iago, Roderigo, now in despair of winning Desdemona’s love, threatens suicide, but Iago persuades him instead to sell his lands for ready cash and to pursue Desdemona to Cyprus. The scene in which this takes place, the "temptation" scene, is driven as much by Othello's view of Iago as it is by Iago's suggestions. (II, iii, 379), further. Iago’s plan works, and Othello is convinced that there is something going on between Cassio and Desdemona. He looks at Iago’s last appearance and observes, “The last Speech, the motive-hunting of motiveless Malignity -- how awful! When Desdemona accidentally leaves it in Emilia's presence, Emilia takes it to Iago without knowing that he will use it to manipulate Othello into thinking Desdemona has cheated on him with his right hand man and best friend, Cassio. Iago uses Desdemona’s friendliness for his own evil plan. Iago is ensign or flag-bearer to the great military general, Othello, who is a Moor (i.e. Samuel Taylor Coleridge coined the phrase “motiveless malignity” to describe Iago. Can you find a line in the text that shows Iago has ulterior motives? As they wait for Desdemona to arrive, Othello says that Brabantio used to invite him to his house to hear his life story, with all its dramatic tales of travel, battle, and valor. Iago is using Roderigo to help him in his plans and he has already hatched a plot to make Othello believe Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona – in a double revenge. “the moor” tries to keep a calm mind, and knows that he loves Desdemona but if he thinks that he “loves thee not, chaos comes”, and this doubt is because of Iago. Throughout the play, characters place their trust in him when they need it most, and they are blind to his treachery. Othello arrives to the sound of trumpets and suggests a feast to celebrate the Venetian victory. Iago uses Emilia to take possession of Desdemona’s prized handkerchief, and as if that isn’t enough to send him to hell, Iago also plans to use it as blackmail against Cassio. Iago then sets about convincing Othello that Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona; he tells Cassio to ask Desdemona to put in a good word for him with Othello so he might get his commission back (but with the result that Othello questions why his wife would want to plead for Cassio). Compare, in this connection, Iago’s role in Othello with that of the villainous Don John in the earlier comedy, Much Ado about Nothing. On their own, Iago consoles Cassio (who mourns the loss of his good name), and encourages him to believe that he will be reinstated as Othello’s lieutenant, especially if he confides in Desdemona and asks her to plead for him to her husband. The Moor is courageous and smart in the battlefield but after all his race and colour make him feel like being ostracised. Iago again says that his suspicions are likely false. ” He needed a way to execute his plan in getting his revenge against Othello without being caught, and he used Roderigo’s love for Desdemona and his foolishness to do so. Ok so those were the techniques that Iago used to manipulate others. When Othello asks Desdemona where her handkerchief is, she confesses that she has lost it; meanwhile, Cassio gives it to Bianca, his mistress, little realising that the handkerchief is part of Iago’s grand plan to implicate him in an imaginary affair. To what does Iago compare Desdemona? Iago falsely assures him so and asks for money. Iago’s ambition, Desdemona’s love for Othello, and Emilia’s loyalty in Iago and Desdemona are also tragic flaws. Spoken by the main antagonist Iago, while helping the rich Roderigo in … Post was not sent - check your email addresses! As a result, Othello rockets out of control and he triumphs (Arenas, 2010). Iago then tells Roderigo to kill Cassio, but Roderigo fails, so Iago kills him so nobody will find out about the plan. In this dream, Cassio is meant to have said “Sweet Desdemona / Let us be wary, let us hide our loves.” He then goes on to describe how Cassio began to kiss Iago, and “laid his leg / Over my thigh.” This imagery is so strong because it places Iago in Desdemona’s position, and which somehow makes it more real. Asked by Claire H #1083031. “Part 2- Literary Genres: Studying Drama” English A1 Course Companion Oxford University Press, 2007. His honesty and frankness towards Desdemona and Emilia would be a new feeling for the audience, used to Iago’s asides, ‘Players in your housewifery, and housewives in. Iago is using Roderigo to help him in his plans and he has already hatched a plot to make Othello believe Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona – in a double revenge. Desdemona is worried about what might have happened to her husband and is comforted by Cassio. Put your swords away, you are not going to use them. Othello’s tragic flaw of inherent trust haunts him throughout the play. Iago expects to be promoted to the rank of lieutenant, but instead Othello passes him over in favour of Cassio. In Harold Goddard’s fine phrase, he is ‘a moral pyromaniac setting fire to all of reality’ (this phrase is quoted enthusiastically by Harold Bloom in his Shakespeare: The Invention Of The Human). He is a villain, but a charming two-faced one. Trusting Iago, and mad with jealousy, Othello promotes Iago and asks Iago to help him kill Cassio and Desdemona. Jealousy is also a big part as it fuels the vengeance in characters and creates tension and conflict. Next, in Cyprus on a military campaign, Iago gets Cassio drunk and arranges a brawl, which he makes sure Othello witnesses; Othello has to strip the recently promoted Cassio of his commission. Iago?s suggestions to Othello will cause him to construe Desdemona?s pleas for Cassio, as pleas for her paramour. It was a wonderful experience…. Here, Iago shares his plot to destroy Othello with the audience – since Othello is so gullible, Iago will lead him "by the nose," making Othello believe that his, Othello's, wife is having an affair with Cassio. Iago uses Desdemona’s love for Othello for his plan, by making her try to get Cassio to get back in Othello’s graces. Answered by Aslan on 12/20/2020 8:42 PM View All Answers. Iago tells Othello that Desdemona is Cassio's lover. Othello Essay: Fate or chance appears to side with Iago in his plot to bring about the downfall of Othello and Desdemona. 3) Why does Othello care about Desdemona’s handkerchief? Ironically, Brabantio refers to Othello using his “eyes to see,” which is how Othello judges people and situations. Question 1 Iago is the antagonist in the play 'Othello' by William Shakespeare. Cassio agrees, and Iago uses his wife, Emilia, to arrange a private meeting between Cassio and Desdemona. First, he makes his hero noble, but unusually flawed. This is a prophetic but deeply ironic warning by Brabantio. Othello is also unlike many of Shakespeare’s other great tragedies, with the possible exception of Romeo and Juliet, in that its plot could easily have been co-opted for a comedy rather than a tragedy, where the confusion created by Iago’s plotting is resolved, the villain is punished, and the hero and heroine are reconciled to live happily ever after. Act 4, Scene 1. His is the husband of Emilia and the ensign/ancient of Othello. A prize. This warning is used later in the play by Iago as evidence of Desdemona’s infidelity. Othello is one of Shakespeare’s five best-known and widely studied tragedies, along with Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, and Romeo and Juliet. So he does with Othello, by letting him believe that his wife is unfaithful. 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